This USB-C to USB-C cable is compatible with a MacBook Pro charger, as it supports up to 100W of charging power, which is enough to charge a MacBook Pro. However, make sure that the charger you're using is compatible with Power Delivery (PD) technology to take full advantage of this feature.
If it works with a different cable, it must be the cable. If not, then it is due to the devices or settings.
I only use this cable as a long charging cable (on SBB trains, the sockets are sometimes so far away from the seats...)
I can only answer on the basis of my Samsung devices: It is at least as fast as with the original USB cable from Samsung and the various fast charging adapters.