actually yes. It has the keyboard technology: dome-switch keyboard and a key technology: membrane.
You just have to make sure that you buy a French keyboard layout.
According to Logitech (on reddit a few years ago https://www.reddit.com/r/LogitechG/comments/d84ris/g213_onboard_memory/ ) it has no changeable internal memory, so that probably won't be possible.
Yes, you can configure everything with the corresponding software. By default, the LEDs change colours continuously in a smooth transition. I left it like this, I like it very much :)
No. This keyboard is based on keys with rubberdome technology.
Enclosed is a suitable article: http://www.gameswelt.ch/logitech-g213-prodigy/test/die-neue-tastatur-im-test,264134
And even more detailed (4 pages): http://www.gamestar.de/artikel/logitech-g213-prodigy-guenstig-statt-mechanisch,3309036.html