According to my research, Apple Arcade supports MFi certified (Made for iOS), Xbox and Playstation controllers. Unfortunately, I could not find any MFi certification for the F310, so I assume that the controller does not work with Arcade.
Yes, it works for me with Windows 10. USB 2.0 is sufficient for me, but it has a slight delay. It is unclear whether this would also be the case with USB 3.0, but I suspect so.
Yes it is USB-A. However, get a reliable USB-C to USB-A adapter (or a hub with a USB-A port), and you should be able to use your F310 with USB-C ports. Good luck!