Question about Microsoft Office Home & Business 2019

Yes, it does. This is merely the manufacturer's recommendation (or minimum requirement) for the application to run smoothly. More cores are usually even better when it comes to applications running in parallel, so that they can divide up their work. Technically, Office would also run on a device with one core.

Simply put: The number of cores does not determine whether an application runs in general, but rather how many parallel tasks can be performed simultaneously.