ICM CR. 42 Falco with Italian Pilots in tropical uniform

The Italian Air Force (Regia Aeronautica) was established in 1923 as an independent branch of the armed forces. During the interwar period, it was considered the most advanced in Europe. However, the insufficient consideration of modern aircraft types, along with Italy's industrial and technical weaknesses, led to the Regia Aeronautica losing its leading position compared to the air forces of other countries. During the war, the pilots of the Regia Aeronautica engaged the enemy on various fronts. In the Mediterranean, their opponents were French and British pilots. One of the highlights of the confrontation in the Mediterranean was the Battle of Malta. In North Africa, the Italian pilots fought against the Royal Air Force. Additionally, Italian fighter planes were sent to the Eastern Front to fight against the Soviet Union. Due to this fragmentation of forces and resources, as well as the inadequate replacement of losses, the Italian leadership was forced to shift from active offensive operations to a defensive stance.